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According to Eaton classification, what characterizes Type 1 for sprain/dislocations?

  1. Fracture of the first metacarpal

  2. Complete tear of the collateral ligaments

  3. Hyperextension injury with avulsion of the volar plate

  4. Mild sprain with no ligament damage

The correct answer is: Hyperextension injury with avulsion of the volar plate

Type 1 in the Eaton classification is characterized by an injury involving hyperextension that leads to the avulsion of the volar plate. This classification system is specifically used for analyzing injuries to the fingers, particularly those that involve the PIP (proximal interphalangeal) joint. In a Type 1 injury, the mechanism typically involves a hyperextension force, which can lead to the volar plate being pulled away from its normal attachment point on the proximal phalanx. This avulsion of the volar plate is significant because it underscores the importance of this anatomical structure in providing stability to the joint during motion. Understanding that Type 1 injuries are associated with a hyperextension mechanism helps differentiate them from more severe presentations, which would display greater ligamentous damage, like complete tears or fractures.